epaint/text/

text_layout.rs

use std::sync::Arc;

use emath::{Align, GuiRounding as _, NumExt as _, Pos2, Rect, Vec2, pos2, vec2};

use crate::{Color32, Mesh, Stroke, Vertex, stroke::PathStroke, text::font::Font};

use super::{FontsImpl, Galley, Glyph, LayoutJob, LayoutSection, PlacedRow, Row, RowVisuals};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Represents GUI scale and convenience methods for rounding to pixels.
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
struct PointScale {
    pub pixels_per_point: f32,
}

impl PointScale {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(pixels_per_point: f32) -> Self {
        Self { pixels_per_point }
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn pixels_per_point(&self) -> f32 {
        self.pixels_per_point
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn round_to_pixel(&self, point: f32) -> f32 {
        (point * self.pixels_per_point).round() / self.pixels_per_point
    }

    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn floor_to_pixel(&self, point: f32) -> f32 {
        (point * self.pixels_per_point).floor() / self.pixels_per_point
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Temporary storage before line-wrapping.
#[derive(Clone)]
struct Paragraph {
    /// Start of the next glyph to be added.
    pub cursor_x: f32,

    /// This is included in case there are no glyphs
    pub section_index_at_start: u32,

    pub glyphs: Vec<Glyph>,

    /// In case of an empty paragraph ("\n"), use this as height.
    pub empty_paragraph_height: f32,
}

impl Paragraph {
    pub fn from_section_index(section_index_at_start: u32) -> Self {
        Self {
            cursor_x: 0.0,
            section_index_at_start,
            glyphs: vec![],
            empty_paragraph_height: 0.0,
        }
    }
}

/// Layout text into a [`Galley`].
///
/// In most cases you should use [`crate::Fonts::layout_job`] instead
/// since that memoizes the input, making subsequent layouting of the same text much faster.
pub fn layout(fonts: &mut FontsImpl, job: Arc<LayoutJob>) -> Galley {
    profiling::function_scope!();

    if job.wrap.max_rows == 0 {
        // Early-out: no text
        return Galley {
            job,
            rows: Default::default(),
            rect: Rect::ZERO,
            mesh_bounds: Rect::NOTHING,
            num_vertices: 0,
            num_indices: 0,
            pixels_per_point: fonts.pixels_per_point(),
            elided: true,
            intrinsic_size: Vec2::ZERO,
        };
    }

    // For most of this we ignore the y coordinate:

    let mut paragraphs = vec![Paragraph::from_section_index(0)];
    for (section_index, section) in job.sections.iter().enumerate() {
        layout_section(fonts, &job, section_index as u32, section, &mut paragraphs);
    }

    let point_scale = PointScale::new(fonts.pixels_per_point());

    let intrinsic_size = calculate_intrinsic_size(point_scale, &job, &paragraphs);

    let mut elided = false;
    let mut rows = rows_from_paragraphs(paragraphs, &job, &mut elided);
    if elided {
        if let Some(last_placed) = rows.last_mut() {
            let last_row = Arc::make_mut(&mut last_placed.row);
            replace_last_glyph_with_overflow_character(fonts, &job, last_row);
            if let Some(last) = last_row.glyphs.last() {
                last_row.size.x = last.max_x();
            }
        }
    }

    let justify = job.justify && job.wrap.max_width.is_finite();

    if justify || job.halign != Align::LEFT {
        let num_rows = rows.len();
        for (i, placed_row) in rows.iter_mut().enumerate() {
            let is_last_row = i + 1 == num_rows;
            let justify_row = justify && !placed_row.ends_with_newline && !is_last_row;
            halign_and_justify_row(
                point_scale,
                placed_row,
                job.halign,
                job.wrap.max_width,
                justify_row,
            );
        }
    }

    // Calculate the Y positions and tessellate the text:
    galley_from_rows(point_scale, job, rows, elided, intrinsic_size)
}

// Ignores the Y coordinate.
fn layout_section(
    fonts: &mut FontsImpl,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    section_index: u32,
    section: &LayoutSection,
    out_paragraphs: &mut Vec<Paragraph>,
) {
    let LayoutSection {
        leading_space,
        byte_range,
        format,
    } = section;
    let font = fonts.font(&format.font_id);
    let line_height = section
        .format
        .line_height
        .unwrap_or_else(|| font.row_height());
    let extra_letter_spacing = section.format.extra_letter_spacing;

    let mut paragraph = out_paragraphs.last_mut().unwrap();
    if paragraph.glyphs.is_empty() {
        paragraph.empty_paragraph_height = line_height; // TODO(emilk): replace this hack with actually including `\n` in the glyphs?
    }

    paragraph.cursor_x += leading_space;

    let mut last_glyph_id = None;

    for chr in job.text[byte_range.clone()].chars() {
        if job.break_on_newline && chr == '\n' {
            out_paragraphs.push(Paragraph::from_section_index(section_index));
            paragraph = out_paragraphs.last_mut().unwrap();
            paragraph.empty_paragraph_height = line_height; // TODO(emilk): replace this hack with actually including `\n` in the glyphs?
        } else {
            let (font_impl, glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(chr);
            if let Some(font_impl) = font_impl {
                if let Some(last_glyph_id) = last_glyph_id {
                    paragraph.cursor_x += font_impl.pair_kerning(last_glyph_id, glyph_info.id);
                    paragraph.cursor_x += extra_letter_spacing;
                }
            }

            paragraph.glyphs.push(Glyph {
                chr,
                pos: pos2(paragraph.cursor_x, f32::NAN),
                advance_width: glyph_info.advance_width,
                line_height,
                font_impl_height: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.row_height()),
                font_impl_ascent: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.ascent()),
                font_height: font.row_height(),
                font_ascent: font.ascent(),
                uv_rect: glyph_info.uv_rect,
                section_index,
            });

            paragraph.cursor_x += glyph_info.advance_width;
            paragraph.cursor_x = font.round_to_pixel(paragraph.cursor_x);
            last_glyph_id = Some(glyph_info.id);
        }
    }
}

/// Calculate the intrinsic size of the text.
///
/// The result is eventually passed to `Response::intrinsic_size`.
/// This works by calculating the size of each `Paragraph` (instead of each `Row`).
fn calculate_intrinsic_size(
    point_scale: PointScale,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    paragraphs: &[Paragraph],
) -> Vec2 {
    let mut intrinsic_size = Vec2::ZERO;
    for (idx, paragraph) in paragraphs.iter().enumerate() {
        let width = paragraph
            .glyphs
            .last()
            .map(|l| l.max_x())
            .unwrap_or_default();
        intrinsic_size.x = f32::max(intrinsic_size.x, width);

        let mut height = paragraph
            .glyphs
            .iter()
            .map(|g| g.line_height)
            .max_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Equal))
            .unwrap_or(paragraph.empty_paragraph_height);
        if idx == 0 {
            height = f32::max(height, job.first_row_min_height);
        }
        intrinsic_size.y += point_scale.round_to_pixel(height);
    }
    intrinsic_size
}

// Ignores the Y coordinate.
fn rows_from_paragraphs(
    paragraphs: Vec<Paragraph>,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    elided: &mut bool,
) -> Vec<PlacedRow> {
    let num_paragraphs = paragraphs.len();

    let mut rows = vec![];

    for (i, paragraph) in paragraphs.into_iter().enumerate() {
        if job.wrap.max_rows <= rows.len() {
            *elided = true;
            break;
        }

        let is_last_paragraph = (i + 1) == num_paragraphs;

        if paragraph.glyphs.is_empty() {
            rows.push(PlacedRow {
                pos: pos2(0.0, f32::NAN),
                row: Arc::new(Row {
                    section_index_at_start: paragraph.section_index_at_start,
                    glyphs: vec![],
                    visuals: Default::default(),
                    size: vec2(0.0, paragraph.empty_paragraph_height),
                    ends_with_newline: !is_last_paragraph,
                }),
            });
        } else {
            let paragraph_max_x = paragraph.glyphs.last().unwrap().max_x();
            if paragraph_max_x <= job.effective_wrap_width() {
                // Early-out optimization: the whole paragraph fits on one row.
                rows.push(PlacedRow {
                    pos: pos2(0.0, f32::NAN),
                    row: Arc::new(Row {
                        section_index_at_start: paragraph.section_index_at_start,
                        glyphs: paragraph.glyphs,
                        visuals: Default::default(),
                        size: vec2(paragraph_max_x, 0.0),
                        ends_with_newline: !is_last_paragraph,
                    }),
                });
            } else {
                line_break(&paragraph, job, &mut rows, elided);
                let placed_row = rows.last_mut().unwrap();
                let row = Arc::make_mut(&mut placed_row.row);
                row.ends_with_newline = !is_last_paragraph;
            }
        }
    }

    rows
}

fn line_break(
    paragraph: &Paragraph,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    out_rows: &mut Vec<PlacedRow>,
    elided: &mut bool,
) {
    let wrap_width = job.effective_wrap_width();

    // Keeps track of good places to insert row break if we exceed `wrap_width`.
    let mut row_break_candidates = RowBreakCandidates::default();

    let mut first_row_indentation = paragraph.glyphs[0].pos.x;
    let mut row_start_x = 0.0;
    let mut row_start_idx = 0;

    for i in 0..paragraph.glyphs.len() {
        if job.wrap.max_rows <= out_rows.len() {
            *elided = true;
            break;
        }

        let potential_row_width = paragraph.glyphs[i].max_x() - row_start_x;

        if wrap_width < potential_row_width {
            // Row break:

            if first_row_indentation > 0.0
                && !row_break_candidates.has_good_candidate(job.wrap.break_anywhere)
            {
                // Allow the first row to be completely empty, because we know there will be more space on the next row:
                // TODO(emilk): this records the height of this first row as zero, though that is probably fine since first_row_indentation usually comes with a first_row_min_height.
                out_rows.push(PlacedRow {
                    pos: pos2(0.0, f32::NAN),
                    row: Arc::new(Row {
                        section_index_at_start: paragraph.section_index_at_start,
                        glyphs: vec![],
                        visuals: Default::default(),
                        size: Vec2::ZERO,
                        ends_with_newline: false,
                    }),
                });
                row_start_x += first_row_indentation;
                first_row_indentation = 0.0;
            } else if let Some(last_kept_index) = row_break_candidates.get(job.wrap.break_anywhere)
            {
                let glyphs: Vec<Glyph> = paragraph.glyphs[row_start_idx..=last_kept_index]
                    .iter()
                    .copied()
                    .map(|mut glyph| {
                        glyph.pos.x -= row_start_x;
                        glyph
                    })
                    .collect();

                let section_index_at_start = glyphs[0].section_index;
                let paragraph_max_x = glyphs.last().unwrap().max_x();

                out_rows.push(PlacedRow {
                    pos: pos2(0.0, f32::NAN),
                    row: Arc::new(Row {
                        section_index_at_start,
                        glyphs,
                        visuals: Default::default(),
                        size: vec2(paragraph_max_x, 0.0),
                        ends_with_newline: false,
                    }),
                });

                // Start a new row:
                row_start_idx = last_kept_index + 1;
                row_start_x = paragraph.glyphs[row_start_idx].pos.x;
                row_break_candidates.forget_before_idx(row_start_idx);
            } else {
                // Found no place to break, so we have to overrun wrap_width.
            }
        }

        row_break_candidates.add(i, &paragraph.glyphs[i..]);
    }

    if row_start_idx < paragraph.glyphs.len() {
        // Final row of text:

        if job.wrap.max_rows <= out_rows.len() {
            *elided = true; // can't fit another row
        } else {
            let glyphs: Vec<Glyph> = paragraph.glyphs[row_start_idx..]
                .iter()
                .copied()
                .map(|mut glyph| {
                    glyph.pos.x -= row_start_x;
                    glyph
                })
                .collect();

            let section_index_at_start = glyphs[0].section_index;
            let paragraph_min_x = glyphs[0].pos.x;
            let paragraph_max_x = glyphs.last().unwrap().max_x();

            out_rows.push(PlacedRow {
                pos: pos2(paragraph_min_x, 0.0),
                row: Arc::new(Row {
                    section_index_at_start,
                    glyphs,
                    visuals: Default::default(),
                    size: vec2(paragraph_max_x - paragraph_min_x, 0.0),
                    ends_with_newline: false,
                }),
            });
        }
    }
}

/// Trims the last glyphs in the row and replaces it with an overflow character (e.g. `…`).
///
/// Called before we have any Y coordinates.
fn replace_last_glyph_with_overflow_character(
    fonts: &mut FontsImpl,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    row: &mut Row,
) {
    fn row_width(row: &Row) -> f32 {
        if let (Some(first), Some(last)) = (row.glyphs.first(), row.glyphs.last()) {
            last.max_x() - first.pos.x
        } else {
            0.0
        }
    }

    fn row_height(section: &LayoutSection, font: &Font) -> f32 {
        section
            .format
            .line_height
            .unwrap_or_else(|| font.row_height())
    }

    let Some(overflow_character) = job.wrap.overflow_character else {
        return;
    };

    // We always try to just append the character first:
    if let Some(last_glyph) = row.glyphs.last() {
        let section_index = last_glyph.section_index;
        let section = &job.sections[section_index as usize];
        let font = fonts.font(&section.format.font_id);
        let line_height = row_height(section, font);

        let (_, last_glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(last_glyph.chr);

        let mut x = last_glyph.pos.x + last_glyph.advance_width;

        let (font_impl, replacement_glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(overflow_character);

        {
            // Kerning:
            x += section.format.extra_letter_spacing;
            if let Some(font_impl) = font_impl {
                x += font_impl.pair_kerning(last_glyph_info.id, replacement_glyph_info.id);
            }
        }

        row.glyphs.push(Glyph {
            chr: overflow_character,
            pos: pos2(x, f32::NAN),
            advance_width: replacement_glyph_info.advance_width,
            line_height,
            font_impl_height: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.row_height()),
            font_impl_ascent: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.ascent()),
            font_height: font.row_height(),
            font_ascent: font.ascent(),
            uv_rect: replacement_glyph_info.uv_rect,
            section_index,
        });
    } else {
        let section_index = row.section_index_at_start;
        let section = &job.sections[section_index as usize];
        let font = fonts.font(&section.format.font_id);
        let line_height = row_height(section, font);

        let x = 0.0; // TODO(emilk): heed paragraph leading_space 😬

        let (font_impl, replacement_glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(overflow_character);

        row.glyphs.push(Glyph {
            chr: overflow_character,
            pos: pos2(x, f32::NAN),
            advance_width: replacement_glyph_info.advance_width,
            line_height,
            font_impl_height: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.row_height()),
            font_impl_ascent: font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.ascent()),
            font_height: font.row_height(),
            font_ascent: font.ascent(),
            uv_rect: replacement_glyph_info.uv_rect,
            section_index,
        });
    }

    if row_width(row) <= job.effective_wrap_width() || row.glyphs.len() == 1 {
        return; // we are done
    }

    // We didn't fit it. Remove it again…
    row.glyphs.pop();

    // …then go into a loop where we replace the last character with the overflow character
    // until we fit within the max_width:

    loop {
        let (prev_glyph, last_glyph) = match row.glyphs.as_mut_slice() {
            [.., prev, last] => (Some(prev), last),
            [.., last] => (None, last),
            _ => {
                unreachable!("We've already explicitly handled the empty row");
            }
        };

        let section = &job.sections[last_glyph.section_index as usize];
        let extra_letter_spacing = section.format.extra_letter_spacing;
        let font = fonts.font(&section.format.font_id);

        if let Some(prev_glyph) = prev_glyph {
            let prev_glyph_id = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(prev_glyph.chr).1.id;

            // Undo kerning with previous glyph:
            let (font_impl, glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(last_glyph.chr);
            last_glyph.pos.x -= extra_letter_spacing;
            if let Some(font_impl) = font_impl {
                last_glyph.pos.x -= font_impl.pair_kerning(prev_glyph_id, glyph_info.id);
            }

            // Replace the glyph:
            last_glyph.chr = overflow_character;
            let (font_impl, glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(last_glyph.chr);
            last_glyph.advance_width = glyph_info.advance_width;
            last_glyph.font_impl_ascent = font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.ascent());
            last_glyph.font_impl_height = font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.row_height());
            last_glyph.uv_rect = glyph_info.uv_rect;

            // Reapply kerning:
            last_glyph.pos.x += extra_letter_spacing;
            if let Some(font_impl) = font_impl {
                last_glyph.pos.x += font_impl.pair_kerning(prev_glyph_id, glyph_info.id);
            }

            // Check if we're within width budget:
            if row_width(row) <= job.effective_wrap_width() || row.glyphs.len() == 1 {
                return; // We are done
            }

            // We didn't fit - pop the last glyph and try again.
            row.glyphs.pop();
        } else {
            // Just replace and be done with it.
            last_glyph.chr = overflow_character;
            let (font_impl, glyph_info) = font.font_impl_and_glyph_info(last_glyph.chr);
            last_glyph.advance_width = glyph_info.advance_width;
            last_glyph.font_impl_ascent = font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.ascent());
            last_glyph.font_impl_height = font_impl.map_or(0.0, |f| f.row_height());
            last_glyph.uv_rect = glyph_info.uv_rect;
            return;
        }
    }
}

/// Horizontally aligned the text on a row.
///
/// Ignores the Y coordinate.
fn halign_and_justify_row(
    point_scale: PointScale,
    placed_row: &mut PlacedRow,
    halign: Align,
    wrap_width: f32,
    justify: bool,
) {
    let row = Arc::make_mut(&mut placed_row.row);

    if row.glyphs.is_empty() {
        return;
    }

    let num_leading_spaces = row
        .glyphs
        .iter()
        .take_while(|glyph| glyph.chr.is_whitespace())
        .count();

    let glyph_range = if num_leading_spaces == row.glyphs.len() {
        // There is only whitespace
        (0, row.glyphs.len())
    } else {
        let num_trailing_spaces = row
            .glyphs
            .iter()
            .rev()
            .take_while(|glyph| glyph.chr.is_whitespace())
            .count();

        (num_leading_spaces, row.glyphs.len() - num_trailing_spaces)
    };
    let num_glyphs_in_range = glyph_range.1 - glyph_range.0;
    assert!(num_glyphs_in_range > 0, "Should have at least one glyph");

    let original_min_x = row.glyphs[glyph_range.0].logical_rect().min.x;
    let original_max_x = row.glyphs[glyph_range.1 - 1].logical_rect().max.x;
    let original_width = original_max_x - original_min_x;

    let target_width = if justify && num_glyphs_in_range > 1 {
        wrap_width
    } else {
        original_width
    };

    let (target_min_x, target_max_x) = match halign {
        Align::LEFT => (0.0, target_width),
        Align::Center => (-target_width / 2.0, target_width / 2.0),
        Align::RIGHT => (-target_width, 0.0),
    };

    let num_spaces_in_range = row.glyphs[glyph_range.0..glyph_range.1]
        .iter()
        .filter(|glyph| glyph.chr.is_whitespace())
        .count();

    let mut extra_x_per_glyph = if num_glyphs_in_range == 1 {
        0.0
    } else {
        (target_width - original_width) / (num_glyphs_in_range as f32 - 1.0)
    };
    extra_x_per_glyph = extra_x_per_glyph.at_least(0.0); // Don't contract

    let mut extra_x_per_space = 0.0;
    if 0 < num_spaces_in_range && num_spaces_in_range < num_glyphs_in_range {
        // Add an integral number of pixels between each glyph,
        // and add the balance to the spaces:

        extra_x_per_glyph = point_scale.floor_to_pixel(extra_x_per_glyph);

        extra_x_per_space = (target_width
            - original_width
            - extra_x_per_glyph * (num_glyphs_in_range as f32 - 1.0))
            / (num_spaces_in_range as f32);
    }

    placed_row.pos.x = point_scale.round_to_pixel(target_min_x);
    let mut translate_x = -original_min_x - extra_x_per_glyph * glyph_range.0 as f32;

    for glyph in &mut row.glyphs {
        glyph.pos.x += translate_x;
        glyph.pos.x = point_scale.round_to_pixel(glyph.pos.x);
        translate_x += extra_x_per_glyph;
        if glyph.chr.is_whitespace() {
            translate_x += extra_x_per_space;
        }
    }

    // Note we ignore the leading/trailing whitespace here!
    row.size.x = target_max_x - target_min_x;
}

/// Calculate the Y positions and tessellate the text.
fn galley_from_rows(
    point_scale: PointScale,
    job: Arc<LayoutJob>,
    mut rows: Vec<PlacedRow>,
    elided: bool,
    intrinsic_size: Vec2,
) -> Galley {
    let mut first_row_min_height = job.first_row_min_height;
    let mut cursor_y = 0.0;

    for placed_row in &mut rows {
        let mut max_row_height = first_row_min_height.at_least(placed_row.height());
        let row = Arc::make_mut(&mut placed_row.row);

        first_row_min_height = 0.0;
        for glyph in &row.glyphs {
            max_row_height = max_row_height.at_least(glyph.line_height);
        }
        max_row_height = point_scale.round_to_pixel(max_row_height);

        // Now position each glyph vertically:
        for glyph in &mut row.glyphs {
            let format = &job.sections[glyph.section_index as usize].format;

            glyph.pos.y = glyph.font_impl_ascent

                // Apply valign to the different in height of the entire row, and the height of this `Font`:
                + format.valign.to_factor() * (max_row_height - glyph.line_height)

                // When mixing different `FontImpl` (e.g. latin and emojis),
                // we always center the difference:
                + 0.5 * (glyph.font_height - glyph.font_impl_height);

            glyph.pos.y = point_scale.round_to_pixel(glyph.pos.y);
        }

        placed_row.pos.y = cursor_y;
        row.size.y = max_row_height;

        cursor_y += max_row_height;
        cursor_y = point_scale.round_to_pixel(cursor_y); // TODO(emilk): it would be better to do the calculations in pixels instead.
    }

    let format_summary = format_summary(&job);

    let mut rect = Rect::ZERO;
    let mut mesh_bounds = Rect::NOTHING;
    let mut num_vertices = 0;
    let mut num_indices = 0;

    for placed_row in &mut rows {
        rect |= placed_row.rect();

        let row = Arc::make_mut(&mut placed_row.row);
        row.visuals = tessellate_row(point_scale, &job, &format_summary, row);

        mesh_bounds |= row.visuals.mesh_bounds.translate(placed_row.pos.to_vec2());
        num_vertices += row.visuals.mesh.vertices.len();
        num_indices += row.visuals.mesh.indices.len();

        row.section_index_at_start = u32::MAX; // No longer in use.
        for glyph in &mut row.glyphs {
            glyph.section_index = u32::MAX; // No longer in use.
        }
    }

    let mut galley = Galley {
        job,
        rows,
        elided,
        rect,
        mesh_bounds,
        num_vertices,
        num_indices,
        pixels_per_point: point_scale.pixels_per_point,
        intrinsic_size,
    };

    if galley.job.round_output_to_gui {
        galley.round_output_to_gui();
    }

    galley
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct FormatSummary {
    any_background: bool,
    any_underline: bool,
    any_strikethrough: bool,
}

fn format_summary(job: &LayoutJob) -> FormatSummary {
    let mut format_summary = FormatSummary::default();
    for section in &job.sections {
        format_summary.any_background |= section.format.background != Color32::TRANSPARENT;
        format_summary.any_underline |= section.format.underline != Stroke::NONE;
        format_summary.any_strikethrough |= section.format.strikethrough != Stroke::NONE;
    }
    format_summary
}

fn tessellate_row(
    point_scale: PointScale,
    job: &LayoutJob,
    format_summary: &FormatSummary,
    row: &Row,
) -> RowVisuals {
    if row.glyphs.is_empty() {
        return Default::default();
    }

    let mut mesh = Mesh::default();

    mesh.reserve_triangles(row.glyphs.len() * 2);
    mesh.reserve_vertices(row.glyphs.len() * 4);

    if format_summary.any_background {
        add_row_backgrounds(point_scale, job, row, &mut mesh);
    }

    let glyph_index_start = mesh.indices.len();
    let glyph_vertex_start = mesh.vertices.len();
    tessellate_glyphs(point_scale, job, row, &mut mesh);
    let glyph_vertex_end = mesh.vertices.len();

    if format_summary.any_underline {
        add_row_hline(point_scale, row, &mut mesh, |glyph| {
            let format = &job.sections[glyph.section_index as usize].format;
            let stroke = format.underline;
            let y = glyph.logical_rect().bottom();
            (stroke, y)
        });
    }

    if format_summary.any_strikethrough {
        add_row_hline(point_scale, row, &mut mesh, |glyph| {
            let format = &job.sections[glyph.section_index as usize].format;
            let stroke = format.strikethrough;
            let y = glyph.logical_rect().center().y;
            (stroke, y)
        });
    }

    let mesh_bounds = mesh.calc_bounds();

    RowVisuals {
        mesh,
        mesh_bounds,
        glyph_index_start,
        glyph_vertex_range: glyph_vertex_start..glyph_vertex_end,
    }
}

/// Create background for glyphs that have them.
/// Creates as few rectangular regions as possible.
fn add_row_backgrounds(point_scale: PointScale, job: &LayoutJob, row: &Row, mesh: &mut Mesh) {
    if row.glyphs.is_empty() {
        return;
    }

    let mut end_run = |start: Option<(Color32, Rect, f32)>, stop_x: f32| {
        if let Some((color, start_rect, expand)) = start {
            let rect = Rect::from_min_max(start_rect.left_top(), pos2(stop_x, start_rect.bottom()));
            let rect = rect.expand(expand);
            let rect = rect.round_to_pixels(point_scale.pixels_per_point());
            mesh.add_colored_rect(rect, color);
        }
    };

    let mut run_start = None;
    let mut last_rect = Rect::NAN;

    for glyph in &row.glyphs {
        let format = &job.sections[glyph.section_index as usize].format;
        let color = format.background;
        let rect = glyph.logical_rect();

        if color == Color32::TRANSPARENT {
            end_run(run_start.take(), last_rect.right());
        } else if let Some((existing_color, start, expand)) = run_start {
            if existing_color == color
                && start.top() == rect.top()
                && start.bottom() == rect.bottom()
                && format.expand_bg == expand
            {
                // continue the same background rectangle
            } else {
                end_run(run_start.take(), last_rect.right());
                run_start = Some((color, rect, format.expand_bg));
            }
        } else {
            run_start = Some((color, rect, format.expand_bg));
        }

        last_rect = rect;
    }

    end_run(run_start.take(), last_rect.right());
}

fn tessellate_glyphs(point_scale: PointScale, job: &LayoutJob, row: &Row, mesh: &mut Mesh) {
    for glyph in &row.glyphs {
        let uv_rect = glyph.uv_rect;
        if !uv_rect.is_nothing() {
            let mut left_top = glyph.pos + uv_rect.offset;
            left_top.x = point_scale.round_to_pixel(left_top.x);
            left_top.y = point_scale.round_to_pixel(left_top.y);

            let rect = Rect::from_min_max(left_top, left_top + uv_rect.size);
            let uv = Rect::from_min_max(
                pos2(uv_rect.min[0] as f32, uv_rect.min[1] as f32),
                pos2(uv_rect.max[0] as f32, uv_rect.max[1] as f32),
            );

            let format = &job.sections[glyph.section_index as usize].format;

            let color = format.color;

            if format.italics {
                let idx = mesh.vertices.len() as u32;
                mesh.add_triangle(idx, idx + 1, idx + 2);
                mesh.add_triangle(idx + 2, idx + 1, idx + 3);

                let top_offset = rect.height() * 0.25 * Vec2::X;

                mesh.vertices.push(Vertex {
                    pos: rect.left_top() + top_offset,
                    uv: uv.left_top(),
                    color,
                });
                mesh.vertices.push(Vertex {
                    pos: rect.right_top() + top_offset,
                    uv: uv.right_top(),
                    color,
                });
                mesh.vertices.push(Vertex {
                    pos: rect.left_bottom(),
                    uv: uv.left_bottom(),
                    color,
                });
                mesh.vertices.push(Vertex {
                    pos: rect.right_bottom(),
                    uv: uv.right_bottom(),
                    color,
                });
            } else {
                mesh.add_rect_with_uv(rect, uv, color);
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Add a horizontal line over a row of glyphs with a stroke and y decided by a callback.
fn add_row_hline(
    point_scale: PointScale,
    row: &Row,
    mesh: &mut Mesh,
    stroke_and_y: impl Fn(&Glyph) -> (Stroke, f32),
) {
    let mut path = crate::tessellator::Path::default(); // reusing path to avoid re-allocations.

    let mut end_line = |start: Option<(Stroke, Pos2)>, stop_x: f32| {
        if let Some((stroke, start)) = start {
            let stop = pos2(stop_x, start.y);
            path.clear();
            path.add_line_segment([start, stop]);
            let feathering = 1.0 / point_scale.pixels_per_point();
            path.stroke_open(feathering, &PathStroke::from(stroke), mesh);
        }
    };

    let mut line_start = None;
    let mut last_right_x = f32::NAN;

    for glyph in &row.glyphs {
        let (stroke, mut y) = stroke_and_y(glyph);
        stroke.round_center_to_pixel(point_scale.pixels_per_point, &mut y);

        if stroke.is_empty() {
            end_line(line_start.take(), last_right_x);
        } else if let Some((existing_stroke, start)) = line_start {
            if existing_stroke == stroke && start.y == y {
                // continue the same line
            } else {
                end_line(line_start.take(), last_right_x);
                line_start = Some((stroke, pos2(glyph.pos.x, y)));
            }
        } else {
            line_start = Some((stroke, pos2(glyph.pos.x, y)));
        }

        last_right_x = glyph.max_x();
    }

    end_line(line_start.take(), last_right_x);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

/// Keeps track of good places to break a long row of text.
/// Will focus primarily on spaces, secondarily on things like `-`
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
struct RowBreakCandidates {
    /// Breaking at ` ` or other whitespace
    /// is always the primary candidate.
    space: Option<usize>,

    /// Logograms (single character representing a whole word) or kana (Japanese hiragana and katakana) are good candidates for line break.
    cjk: Option<usize>,

    /// Breaking anywhere before a CJK character is acceptable too.
    pre_cjk: Option<usize>,

    /// Breaking at a dash is a super-
    /// good idea.
    dash: Option<usize>,

    /// This is nicer for things like URLs, e.g. www.
    /// example.com.
    punctuation: Option<usize>,

    /// Breaking after just random character is some
    /// times necessary.
    any: Option<usize>,
}

impl RowBreakCandidates {
    fn add(&mut self, index: usize, glyphs: &[Glyph]) {
        let chr = glyphs[0].chr;
        const NON_BREAKING_SPACE: char = '\u{A0}';
        if chr.is_whitespace() && chr != NON_BREAKING_SPACE {
            self.space = Some(index);
        } else if is_cjk(chr) && (glyphs.len() == 1 || is_cjk_break_allowed(glyphs[1].chr)) {
            self.cjk = Some(index);
        } else if chr == '-' {
            self.dash = Some(index);
        } else if chr.is_ascii_punctuation() {
            self.punctuation = Some(index);
        } else if glyphs.len() > 1 && is_cjk(glyphs[1].chr) {
            self.pre_cjk = Some(index);
        }
        self.any = Some(index);
    }

    fn word_boundary(&self) -> Option<usize> {
        [self.space, self.cjk, self.pre_cjk]
            .into_iter()
            .max()
            .flatten()
    }

    fn has_good_candidate(&self, break_anywhere: bool) -> bool {
        if break_anywhere {
            self.any.is_some()
        } else {
            self.word_boundary().is_some()
        }
    }

    fn get(&self, break_anywhere: bool) -> Option<usize> {
        if break_anywhere {
            self.any
        } else {
            self.word_boundary()
                .or(self.dash)
                .or(self.punctuation)
                .or(self.any)
        }
    }

    fn forget_before_idx(&mut self, index: usize) {
        let Self {
            space,
            cjk,
            pre_cjk,
            dash,
            punctuation,
            any,
        } = self;
        if space.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *space = None;
        }
        if cjk.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *cjk = None;
        }
        if pre_cjk.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *pre_cjk = None;
        }
        if dash.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *dash = None;
        }
        if punctuation.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *punctuation = None;
        }
        if any.is_some_and(|s| s < index) {
            *any = None;
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
fn is_cjk_ideograph(c: char) -> bool {
    ('\u{4E00}' <= c && c <= '\u{9FFF}')
        || ('\u{3400}' <= c && c <= '\u{4DBF}')
        || ('\u{2B740}' <= c && c <= '\u{2B81F}')
}

#[inline]
fn is_kana(c: char) -> bool {
    ('\u{3040}' <= c && c <= '\u{309F}') // Hiragana block
        || ('\u{30A0}' <= c && c <= '\u{30FF}') // Katakana block
}

#[inline]
fn is_cjk(c: char) -> bool {
    // TODO(bigfarts): Add support for Korean Hangul.
    is_cjk_ideograph(c) || is_kana(c)
}

#[inline]
fn is_cjk_break_allowed(c: char) -> bool {
    // See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_breaking_rules_in_East_Asian_languages#Characters_not_permitted_on_the_start_of_a_line.
    !")]｝〕〉》」』】〙〗〟'\"｠»ヽヾーァィゥェォッャュョヮヵヶぁぃぅぇぉっゃゅょゎゕゖㇰㇱㇲㇳㇴㇵㇶㇷㇸㇹㇺㇻㇼㇽㇾㇿ々〻‐゠–〜?!‼⁇⁈⁉・、:;,。.".contains(c)
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use crate::AlphaFromCoverage;

    use super::{super::*, *};

    #[test]
    fn test_zero_max_width() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );
        let mut layout_job = LayoutJob::single_section("W".into(), TextFormat::default());
        layout_job.wrap.max_width = 0.0;
        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());
        assert_eq!(galley.rows.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_truncate_with_newline() {
        // No matter where we wrap, we should be appending the newline character.

        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );
        let text_format = TextFormat {
            font_id: FontId::monospace(12.0),
            ..Default::default()
        };

        for text in ["Hello\nworld", "\nfoo"] {
            for break_anywhere in [false, true] {
                for max_width in [0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, f32::INFINITY] {
                    let mut layout_job =
                        LayoutJob::single_section(text.into(), text_format.clone());
                    layout_job.wrap.max_width = max_width;
                    layout_job.wrap.max_rows = 1;
                    layout_job.wrap.break_anywhere = break_anywhere;

                    let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());

                    assert!(galley.elided);
                    assert_eq!(galley.rows.len(), 1);
                    let row_text = galley.rows[0].text();
                    assert!(
                        row_text.ends_with('…'),
                        "Expected row to end with `…`, got {row_text:?} when line-breaking the text {text:?} with max_width {max_width} and break_anywhere {break_anywhere}.",
                    );
                }
            }
        }

        {
            let mut layout_job = LayoutJob::single_section("Hello\nworld".into(), text_format);
            layout_job.wrap.max_width = 50.0;
            layout_job.wrap.max_rows = 1;
            layout_job.wrap.break_anywhere = false;

            let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());

            assert!(galley.elided);
            assert_eq!(galley.rows.len(), 1);
            let row_text = galley.rows[0].text();
            assert_eq!(row_text, "Hello…");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_cjk() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );
        let mut layout_job = LayoutJob::single_section(
            "日本語とEnglishの混在した文章".into(),
            TextFormat::default(),
        );
        layout_job.wrap.max_width = 90.0;
        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());
        assert_eq!(
            galley.rows.iter().map(|row| row.text()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            vec!["日本語と", "Englishの混在", "した文章"]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_pre_cjk() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );
        let mut layout_job = LayoutJob::single_section(
            "日本語とEnglishの混在した文章".into(),
            TextFormat::default(),
        );
        layout_job.wrap.max_width = 110.0;
        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());
        assert_eq!(
            galley.rows.iter().map(|row| row.text()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            vec!["日本語とEnglish", "の混在した文章"]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_truncate_width() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );
        let mut layout_job =
            LayoutJob::single_section("# DNA\nMore text".into(), TextFormat::default());
        layout_job.wrap.max_width = f32::INFINITY;
        layout_job.wrap.max_rows = 1;
        layout_job.round_output_to_gui = false;
        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, layout_job.into());
        assert!(galley.elided);
        assert_eq!(
            galley.rows.iter().map(|row| row.text()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            vec!["# DNA…"]
        );
        let row = &galley.rows[0];
        assert_eq!(row.pos, Pos2::ZERO);
        assert_eq!(row.rect().max.x, row.glyphs.last().unwrap().max_x());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_empty_row() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );

        let font_id = FontId::default();
        let font_height = fonts.font(&font_id).row_height();

        let job = LayoutJob::simple(String::new(), font_id, Color32::WHITE, f32::INFINITY);

        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, job.into());

        assert_eq!(galley.rows.len(), 1, "Expected one row");
        assert_eq!(
            galley.rows[0].row.glyphs.len(),
            0,
            "Expected no glyphs in the empty row"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            galley.size(),
            Vec2::new(0.0, font_height.round()),
            "Unexpected galley size"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            galley.intrinsic_size(),
            Vec2::new(0.0, font_height.round()),
            "Unexpected intrinsic size"
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_end_with_newline() {
        let mut fonts = FontsImpl::new(
            1.0,
            1024,
            AlphaFromCoverage::default(),
            FontDefinitions::default(),
        );

        let font_id = FontId::default();
        let font_height = fonts.font(&font_id).row_height();

        let job = LayoutJob::simple("Hi!\n".to_owned(), font_id, Color32::WHITE, f32::INFINITY);

        let galley = layout(&mut fonts, job.into());

        assert_eq!(galley.rows.len(), 2, "Expected two rows");
        assert_eq!(
            galley.rows[1].row.glyphs.len(),
            0,
            "Expected no glyphs in the empty row"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            galley.size().round(),
            Vec2::new(17.0, font_height.round() * 2.0),
            "Unexpected galley size"
        );
        assert_eq!(
            galley.intrinsic_size().round(),
            Vec2::new(17.0, font_height.round() * 2.0),
            "Unexpected intrinsic size"
        );
    }
}