Struct Rot2

pub struct Rot2 {
    pub cos: f32,
    pub sin: f32,
}

A counterclockwise 2D rotation.

Example

use std::f32::consts::PI;

// Create rotations from radians or degrees
let rotation1 = Rot2::radians(PI / 2.0);
let rotation2 = Rot2::degrees(45.0);

// Get the angle back as radians or degrees
assert_eq!(rotation1.as_degrees(), 90.0);
assert_eq!(rotation2.as_radians(), PI / 4.0);

// "Add" rotations together using `*`
assert_relative_eq!(rotation1 * rotation2, Rot2::degrees(135.0));

// Rotate vectors
assert_relative_eq!(rotation1 * Vec2::X, Vec2::Y);

Fields

cos: f32

The cosine of the rotation angle in radians.

This is the real part of the unit complex number representing the rotation.

sin: f32

The sine of the rotation angle in radians.

This is the imaginary part of the unit complex number representing the rotation.

Implementations

impl Rot2

pub const IDENTITY: Self = _

No rotation.

pub const PI: Self = _

A rotation of π radians.

pub const FRAC_PI_2: Self = _

A counterclockwise rotation of π/2 radians.

pub const FRAC_PI_3: Self = _

A counterclockwise rotation of π/3 radians.

pub const FRAC_PI_4: Self = _

A counterclockwise rotation of π/4 radians.

pub const FRAC_PI_6: Self = _

A counterclockwise rotation of π/6 radians.

pub const FRAC_PI_8: Self = _

A counterclockwise rotation of π/8 radians.

pub fn radians(radians: f32) -> Self

Creates a Rot2 from a counterclockwise angle in radians.

Note

The input rotation will always be clamped to the range (-π, π] by design.

Example

let rot1 = Rot2::radians(3.0 * FRAC_PI_2);
let rot2 = Rot2::radians(-FRAC_PI_2);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1, rot2);

let rot3 = Rot2::radians(PI);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1 * rot1, rot3);

pub fn degrees(degrees: f32) -> Self

Creates a Rot2 from a counterclockwise angle in degrees.

Note

The input rotation will always be clamped to the range (-180°, 180°] by design.

Example

let rot1 = Rot2::degrees(270.0);
let rot2 = Rot2::degrees(-90.0);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1, rot2);

let rot3 = Rot2::degrees(180.0);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1 * rot1, rot3);

pub fn turn_fraction(fraction: f32) -> Self

Creates a Rot2 from a counterclockwise fraction of a full turn of 360 degrees.

Note

The input rotation will always be clamped to the range (-50%, 50%] by design.

Example

let rot1 = Rot2::turn_fraction(0.75);
let rot2 = Rot2::turn_fraction(-0.25);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1, rot2);

let rot3 = Rot2::turn_fraction(0.5);
assert_relative_eq!(rot1 * rot1, rot3);

pub fn from_sin_cos(sin: f32, cos: f32) -> Self

Creates a Rot2 from the sine and cosine of an angle in radians.

The rotation is only valid if sin * sin + cos * cos == 1.0.

Panics

Panics if sin * sin + cos * cos != 1.0 when the glam_assert feature is enabled.

pub fn as_radians(self) -> f32

Returns the rotation in radians in the (-pi, pi] range.

pub fn as_degrees(self) -> f32

Returns the rotation in degrees in the (-180, 180] range.

pub fn as_turn_fraction(self) -> f32

Returns the rotation as a fraction of a full 360 degree turn.

pub const fn sin_cos(self) -> (f32, f32)

Returns the sine and cosine of the rotation angle in radians.

pub fn length(self) -> f32

Computes the length or norm of the complex number used to represent the rotation.

The length is typically expected to be 1.0. Unexpectedly denormalized rotations can be a result of incorrect construction or floating point error caused by successive operations.

pub fn length_squared(self) -> f32

Computes the squared length or norm of the complex number used to represent the rotation.

This is generally faster than Rot2::length(), as it avoids a square root operation.

The length is typically expected to be 1.0. Unexpectedly denormalized rotations can be a result of incorrect construction or floating point error caused by successive operations.

pub fn length_recip(self) -> f32

Computes 1.0 / self.length().

For valid results, self must not have a length of zero.

pub fn try_normalize(self) -> Option<Self>

Returns self with a length of 1.0 if possible, and None otherwise.

None will be returned if the sine and cosine of self are both zero (or very close to zero), or if either of them is NaN or infinite.

Note that Rot2 should typically already be normalized by design. Manual normalization is only needed when successive operations result in accumulated floating point error, or if the rotation was constructed with invalid values.

pub fn normalize(self) -> Self

Returns self with a length of 1.0.

Note that Rot2 should typically already be normalized by design. Manual normalization is only needed when successive operations result in accumulated floating point error, or if the rotation was constructed with invalid values.

Panics

Panics if self has a length of zero, NaN, or infinity when debug assertions are enabled.

pub fn fast_renormalize(self) -> Self

Returns self after an approximate normalization, assuming the value is already nearly normalized. Useful for preventing numerical error accumulation. See Dir3::fast_renormalize for an example of when such error accumulation might occur.

pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool

Returns true if the rotation is neither infinite nor NaN.

pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool

Returns true if the rotation is NaN.

pub fn is_normalized(self) -> bool

Returns whether self has a length of 1.0 or not.

Uses a precision threshold of approximately 1e-4.

pub fn is_near_identity(self) -> bool

Returns true if the rotation is near Rot2::IDENTITY.

pub fn angle_between(self, other: Self) -> f32

👎Deprecated since 0.15.0: Use angle_to instead, the semantics of angle_between will change in the future.

Returns the angle in radians needed to make self and other coincide.

pub fn angle_to(self, other: Self) -> f32

Returns the angle in radians needed to make self and other coincide.

pub fn inverse(self) -> Self

Returns the inverse of the rotation. This is also the conjugate of the unit complex number representing the rotation.

pub fn nlerp(self, end: Self, s: f32) -> Self

Performs a linear interpolation between self and rhs based on the value s, and normalizes the rotation afterwards.

When s == 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s == 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs.

This is slightly more efficient than slerp, and produces a similar result when the difference between the two rotations is small. At larger differences, the result resembles a kind of ease-in-out effect.

If you would like the angular velocity to remain constant, consider using slerp instead.

Details

nlerp corresponds to computing an angle for a point at position s on a line drawn between the endpoints of the arc formed by self and rhs on a unit circle, and normalizing the result afterwards.

Note that if the angles are opposite like 0 and π, the line will pass through the origin, and the resulting angle will always be either self or rhs depending on s. If s happens to be 0.5 in this case, a valid rotation cannot be computed, and self will be returned as a fallback.

Example

let rot1 = Rot2::IDENTITY;
let rot2 = Rot2::degrees(135.0);

let result1 = rot1.nlerp(rot2, 1.0 / 3.0);
assert_eq!(result1.as_degrees(), 28.675055);

let result2 = rot1.nlerp(rot2, 0.5);
assert_eq!(result2.as_degrees(), 67.5);

pub fn slerp(self, end: Self, s: f32) -> Self

Performs a spherical linear interpolation between self and end based on the value s.

This corresponds to interpolating between the two angles at a constant angular velocity.

When s == 0.0, the result will be equal to self. When s == 1.0, the result will be equal to rhs.

If you would like the rotation to have a kind of ease-in-out effect, consider using the slightly more efficient nlerp instead.

Example

let rot1 = Rot2::IDENTITY;
let rot2 = Rot2::degrees(135.0);

let result1 = rot1.slerp(rot2, 1.0 / 3.0);
assert_eq!(result1.as_degrees(), 45.0);

let result2 = rot1.slerp(rot2, 0.5);
assert_eq!(result2.as_degrees(), 67.5);

Trait Implementations

impl Clone for Rot2

fn clone(&self) -> Rot2

Returns a copy of the value.

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source.

impl Debug for Rot2

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter.

impl Default for Rot2

fn default() -> Self

Returns the “default value” for a type.

impl<'de> Deserialize<'de> for Rot2

fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> Result<Self, __D::Error>

where __D: Deserializer<'de>,

Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.

impl Distribution<Rot2> for Standard

fn sample<R: Rng + ?Sized>(&self, rng: &mut R) -> Rot2

Generate a random value of T, using rng as the source of randomness.

fn sample_iter<R>(self, rng: R) -> DistIter<Self, R, T>

where R: Rng, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator that generates random values of T, using rng as the source of randomness.

fn map<F, S>(self, func: F) -> DistMap<Self, F, T, S>

where F: Fn(T) -> S, Self: Sized,

Create a distribution of values of ‘S’ by mapping the output of Self through the closure F

impl Ease for Rot2

fn interpolating_curve_unbounded(start: Self, end: Self) -> impl Curve<Self>

Given start and end values, produce a curve with unlimited domain that:

impl From<Rot2> for Isometry2d

fn from(rotation: Rot2) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

impl From<Rot2> for Mat2

fn from(rot: Rot2) -> Self

Creates a Mat2 rotation matrix from a Rot2.

impl From<f32> for Rot2

fn from(rotation: f32) -> Self

Creates a Rot2 from a counterclockwise angle in radians.

impl FromReflect for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn from_reflect(reflect: &dyn PartialReflect) -> Option<Self>

Constructs a concrete instance of Self from a reflected value.

fn take_from_reflect( reflect: Box<dyn PartialReflect>, ) -> Result<Self, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>

Attempts to downcast the given value to Self using, constructing the value using from_reflect if that fails.

impl FromRng for Rot2

fn from_rng<R: Rng + ?Sized>(rng: &mut R) -> Self

Construct a value of this type uniformly at random using rng as the source of randomness.

impl GetTypeRegistration for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn get_type_registration() -> TypeRegistration

Returns the default TypeRegistration for this type.

fn register_type_dependencies(registry: &mut TypeRegistry)

Registers other types needed by this type.

impl Mul<Dir2> for Rot2

fn mul(self, direction: Dir2) -> Self::Output

Rotates the Dir2 using a Rot2.

type Output = Dir2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl Mul<Vec2> for Rot2

fn mul(self, rhs: Vec2) -> Self::Output

Rotates a Vec2 by a Rot2.

type Output = Vec2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

impl Mul for Rot2

type Output = Rot2

The resulting type after applying the * operator.

fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output

Performs the * operation.

impl MulAssign for Rot2

fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self)

Performs the *= operation.

impl PartialEq for Rot2

fn eq(&self, other: &Rot2) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

impl PartialReflect for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn get_represented_type_info(&self) -> Option<&'static TypeInfo>

Returns the TypeInfo of the type represented by this value.

fn clone_value(&self) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>

Clones the value as a Reflect trait object.

fn try_apply(&mut self, value: &dyn PartialReflect) -> Result<(), ApplyError>

Tries to apply a reflected value to this value.

fn reflect_kind(&self) -> ReflectKind

Returns a zero-sized enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_ref(&self) -> ReflectRef<'_>

Returns an immutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_mut(&mut self) -> ReflectMut<'_>

Returns a mutable enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn reflect_owned(self: Box<Self>) -> ReflectOwned

Returns an owned enumeration of “kinds” of type.

fn try_into_reflect( self: Box<Self>, ) -> Result<Box<dyn Reflect>, Box<dyn PartialReflect>>

Attempts to cast this type to a boxed, fully-reflected value.

fn try_as_reflect(&self) -> Option<&dyn Reflect>

Attempts to cast this type to a fully-reflected value.

fn try_as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut dyn Reflect>

Attempts to cast this type to a mutable, fully-reflected value.

fn into_partial_reflect(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn PartialReflect>

Casts this type to a boxed, reflected value.

fn as_partial_reflect(&self) -> &dyn PartialReflect

Casts this type to a reflected value.

fn as_partial_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn PartialReflect

Casts this type to a mutable, reflected value.

fn reflect_partial_eq(&self, value: &dyn PartialReflect) -> Option<bool>

Returns a “partial equality” comparison result.

fn debug(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Debug formatter for the value.

fn apply(&mut self, value: &(dyn PartialReflect + 'static))

Applies a reflected value to this value.

fn reflect_hash(&self) -> Option<u64>

Returns a hash of the value (which includes the type).

fn serializable(&self) -> Option<Serializable<'_>>

Returns a serializable version of the value.

fn is_dynamic(&self) -> bool

Indicates whether or not this type is a dynamic type.

impl Reflect for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn into_any(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Returns the value as a Box<dyn Any>.

fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any

Returns the value as a &dyn Any.

fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Any

Returns the value as a &mut dyn Any.

fn into_reflect(self: Box<Self>) -> Box<dyn Reflect>

Casts this type to a boxed, fully-reflected value.

fn as_reflect(&self) -> &dyn Reflect

Casts this type to a fully-reflected value.

fn as_reflect_mut(&mut self) -> &mut dyn Reflect

Casts this type to a mutable, fully-reflected value.

fn set(&mut self, value: Box<dyn Reflect>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Reflect>>

Performs a type-checked assignment of a reflected value to this value.

impl Serialize for Rot2

fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>

where __S: Serializer,

Serialize this value into the given Serde serializer.

impl StableInterpolate for Rot2

fn interpolate_stable(&self, other: &Self, t: f32) -> Self

Interpolate between this value and the other given value using the parameter t. At t = 0.0, a value equivalent to self is recovered, while t = 1.0 recovers a value equivalent to other, with intermediate values interpolating between the two. See the trait-level documentation for details.

fn interpolate_stable_assign(&mut self, other: &Self, t: f32)

A version of interpolate_stable that assigns the result to self for convenience.

fn smooth_nudge(&mut self, target: &Self, decay_rate: f32, delta: f32)

Smoothly nudge this value towards the target at a given decay rate. The decay_rate parameter controls how fast the distance between self and target decays relative to the units of delta; the intended usage is for decay_rate to generally remain fixed, while delta is something like delta_time from an updating system. This produces a smooth following of the target that is independent of framerate.

impl Struct for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn field(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&dyn PartialReflect>

Returns a reference to the value of the field named name as a &dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_mut(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<&mut dyn PartialReflect>

Returns a mutable reference to the value of the field named name as a &mut dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&dyn PartialReflect>

Returns a reference to the value of the field with index index as a &dyn PartialReflect.

fn field_at_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> Option<&mut dyn PartialReflect>

Returns a mutable reference to the value of the field with index index as a &mut dyn PartialReflect.

fn name_at(&self, index: usize) -> Option<&str>

Returns the name of the field with index index.

fn field_len(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of fields in the struct.

fn iter_fields(&self) -> FieldIter<'_>

Returns an iterator over the values of the reflectable fields for this struct.

fn clone_dynamic(&self) -> DynamicStruct

Clones the struct into a DynamicStruct.

fn get_represented_struct_info(&self) -> Option<&'static StructInfo>

Will return None if TypeInfo is not available.

impl TypePath for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync,

fn type_path() -> &'static str

Returns the fully qualified path of the underlying type.

fn short_type_path() -> &'static str

Returns a short, pretty-print enabled path to the type.

fn type_ident() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the type, or None if it is anonymous.

fn crate_name() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the name of the crate the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

fn module_path() -> Option<&'static str>

Returns the path to the module the type is in, or None if it is anonymous.

impl Typed for Rot2

where Rot2: Any + Send + Sync, f32: FromReflect + TypePath + MaybeTyped + RegisterForReflection,

fn type_info() -> &'static TypeInfo

Returns the compile-time info for the underlying type.

impl Copy for Rot2

impl StructuralPartialEq for Rot2